This diagram tells us nothing more than the photo above but this is sufficient to deduce that Shouder button is connected between ground and pin 8 of the joystick port. Pin 8 of the FM/towns joystick port can be set to output or input. By default, it is an input. On MSX, it's always an output.
That's the only image I could find. Judging by the traces it connects VCC with GND?
From what I'm seeing Vcc doesn't seem to be used. But by elimination, that shoulder button connects the pin-8 of the joystick port to the GND.
This means that this FM-Towns controller should never be connected directly to the MSX without an adapter, or it can fry the PSG when the shoulder button is pressed.
A 470 Ohms resistor in series with the shoulder key should mitigate that problem and render the controller usable on both platforms.
Hi! I drew a little schematic that also shows the D-SUB9 pinout:
See it on the website at https://www.retronicdesign.com/en/
Cheers! :)